INGREDIENT GLOSSARY

 This plant oil found in THE KEEPER,  comes from Africa and is known for its healing abilities.  Mainly because of its high PHYTOSTEROL content.  These PHYTONUTRIENTS have an anti-inflammatory effect that can improve the regeneration of damaged skin and help RESTORE a compromised barrier.  *Research has shown that PHYTOSTEROLS are effective in blocking reduced collagen synthesis after UV radiation exposure and were shown to stimulate new collagen synthesis.

*Topical Application of Phytosterols

PubMed. July 2008. S Grether-Black

Buriti Fruit Oil is found in THE PROTECTOR and has a very high content of beta-carotene (more than carrots), and a high percentage of Vitamin E. This combination enhances its free radical scavenging abilities. *Research has shown that the oil extracted from the buriti pulp prevents signs of pre-mature aging on the skin because of these 2 antioxidants. **Research also shows that this oil is able to reduce the damage to the skin caused by UV radiation BEFORE and AFTER sun exposure. 

*Characterization of Buriti Pulp Oil.

NCBI. June 2022. G. Marcelino

**Photo-protective Potential of Buriti Oil.

ResearchGate. September 2009. CF Zanatta

Camellia Seed Oil found in THE KEEPER. has a nice % of Omega-9, Oleic Acid.  Oleic acid is a part of our sebum lipids that start to slow production as we age. This oil replaces those "LOST LIPIDS" and offers great additional benefits. *Laboratory in-vitro studies have demonstrated this oil has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidative properties, and improves skin barrier function. This study also shows an increase in the production of type I pro-collagen and a decrease in collagen degradation, 

*Effect of Camellia Seed Oil on Pro-Collagen

PubMed. June 2007. Jung E Lee

Triglycerides are part of the SEBUM LIPIDS and they help to create a barrier on the skin to protect it from TransEpidermal Water Loss. These particular triglycerides are found in both "lipid support serums" and are created from the fatty acids of sustainable palm combined with glycerin. This gives double benefits as the glycerin can draw water to the skin and the fatty acid part will lock that water in. *Research shows that these triglycerides form a film on the skin that accelerates barrier repair by decreasing TransEpidermal Water Loss.

*Effect of Cream Containing

Capric/Caprylic Triglycerides.

NCBI. April 2023. A Neto

This lightweight plant oil that is found in THE PROTECTOR  is full of antioxidant properties including CAROTENOIDS, PHYTOSTEROLS and VITAMIN E. *Research showed that Meadowfoam Seed Oil has the ability to reduce the effects of photoaging by inhibiting the “gene expressions” that cause damage, such as hyper-pigmentation. **Research also shows that this oil is able to strenthen the skin barrier by reducing TransEpidermal Water Loss.

*Photoprotective Properties of Meadowfoam Seed Oil. NCBI. May 2018. 

E. Carpenter.

**An Assesment of Meadoqfoam Seed Oil to Improve Skin Barrier Function. 

meadowfoam.com/efficacy studies.

This oil is found in THE CLEANER is known as a skin conditioning oil that easily penetrates the skins top layers. It contains RICINOLEIC ACID is known as an anti-Inflammatory which is great for sensitive skin. 

Found in THE QUENCHER ...*Research has shown that lacking ceramide AP has been linked to skin conditions such as eczema and atopic dermatitis. Topical  Ceramide AP was shown to “fill in” the gap of the decreased ceramides and strengthen the skin barrier, which in turn assists with these conditions. 

*Theraputic Implications of Ceramide Abnormalties. NIH. September. *Research has shown decreased levels of Cerami2012.

 M Fuji

This ceramide found in THE QUENCHER is one the most prevalent ceramides found in the skin. *Research has shown that Ceramide NP can improve the look and feel of dry/dehydrated skin by strengthening the skin barrier and preventing TransEpidermal Water Loss. 

*Ceramide Ratio in the Stratum Corneum

BMC Dermatology.

August 2020. U Yokose

Found in THE QUENCHER, this ceramide helps to STRENGTHEN and SUPPORT the skin barrier which prevents TransEpidermal Water Loss and improves hydration. *Research has shown that Ceramide EOP significantly improved TransEpidermal Water Loss and skin hydration. 

*Daily Regimine of Ceramide Moisturizer

NCBI. July 2021. 

F. Spada

This "LOST LIPID"is found in THE QUENCHER and makes up 25% of the "glue" that strengthens our skin barrier. *Research shows that the skin barrier is a very active site of cholesterol synthesis. However, it declines rapidly with age, and with the millions of people on statins to reduce their cholesterol, this adds to the decline of epidermal cholesterol. This study shows that topical application of cholesterol can help in the recovery process of a skin barrier that is lacking this "LOST LIPID"

*The Importance of Lipid Metabolism PubMed. August 2009. K Feingold

Found in THE PROTECTOR, Coenzyme Q10, also called ubquinone, it is an antioxidant produced naturally in our own bodies, therefore is not considered a “vitamin”. *Research shows that topical application of CoQ10 can improve the antioxidant properties of the skin by decreasing reactive oxygen species and thus leading to long-term anti-aging effects. 

*Coenzyme Q 10 Cutaneous Administration

MDPI. May 2020

M Sugizzato

Cranberry Seed Oil is one of the few oils that has a balanced fatty acid composition, and it contains numerous PHYTONUTRIENTS, such as PHOSPHOLIPIDS which is why it is included in both THE FIXER and THE KEEPER  “lipid support serums". PHOSPHOLIPIDS have the unique ability to attract water to the skin and help it to absorb. These "LOST LIPIDS' also form a barrier that help lock-in that water for a long lasting effect. *Research shows a definite connection between aging and PHOSPHOLIPID decline. A major job of PHOSPHOLIPIDS is to act as a barrier to protect skin cells, therefore preventing pre-mature aging.

*Crucial Role of Phospholipids.

NCBI. 2021. Y Dai 

ZERO-WASTE OIL

Found in THE CLEANER, this is the “magic” ingredient that helps pull all the dirt, debris and makeup to the top of the skin. This ingredient is a gentle emollient that disperses oil in water based products. This is how it works it’s “magic” 

Non-comedogenic.

 ELDERBERRY FRUIT EXTRACT is found in ALL THE curbAGE products. It is  an ALL NATURAL extract made from elderberries. Elderberries are known for their powerful antioxidant properties. *Research shows that Elderberry Extract has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that have great significance in delaying skin aging. 

*Protective Effects of Sanbucus Nigra Fruit Extract. NCBI. June 2023. M Wojciak

Jojoba Oil is found in both "lipid support serums", this oil is known as the plant oil that resembles human sebum, which has made it a highly popular oil to use in skincare products .*Research shows that the high content of waxy esters in Jojoba Oil makes a great repair option for a compromised skin barrier, even for those with dermatitis and eczema. Jojoba Oil also has a proven anti-inflammatory effect with uses to treat skin conditions, skin infections and skin aging. 

* Skin Barrier Effects of Topical Plant Oils.NIH. December 2017. Tzu-Kai 

Kiwi Seed Oil is found in THE FIXER and is high in the "LOST LIPID", Omega-3,

  a-linolenic acid. This fatty acid is an ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID that is responsible for curbing inflammation and relieving redness and irritation of the skin. *Research has shown that this fatty acid reduced the responses to UV radiation. These responses were less irritation, less sun damage and less unwanted pigmentation.  

*Linus Paulin Institute. July 2012.

Giana Angelo Ph D

Kiwi Seed Oil is also very high in natural SQUALENE, this is a 'LOST LIPID"' found in our sebum lipids and it provides protection to our skin barrier, Unfortunately as we age it slows in production tremendously. As a protective lipid it helps to provide several benefits to the skin, *Research shows that SQUALENE helps to prevent transepidermal water loss. Laboratory studies also show that SQUALENE is an effective antioxidant that is capable of neutralizing free radicals, lessening unwanted pigmentation and irritation.

*Biological Activities of Squalene

Science Direct. 2015. J Garoriog

This oil found in THE KEEPER is high in the 'LOST LIPID' Palmitoleic acid. *Research shows the high concentration of this fatty acid found in Macadamia Oil is the reason this oil can “mimic” human sebum. And as we age we need this “mimic” because Palmitoleic acid dramatically decreases with age. **Palmitoleic acid has also been shown to significantly improve skin barrier function and is effective in increasing elasticity and reducing wrinkles. **Research also shows this fatty acid can decrease the synthesis of melanin by inhibiting melanin enzymes.

*Macadamia Oil an Overview.

Science Direct. 2022. L Stoup.

**The Enigma of Bioactivity of Botanical Oils. frontierskin.com May 2020

***Effects of Palmitoleic Acid on Melanogenic Protein. PubMed. 2010.

 W Joon

Milk Thistle Oil oil is found in THE PROTECTOR. The unusual antioxidant property of Milk Thistle Oil is called SILYMARIN, a group of flavonoids that contain antioxidants benefits including free radical scavengers that inhibit UV induced oxidized stress, which reduces signs of aging. *Recent studies have shown that SILYMARIN  constitutes strongly protects against photocarcinogenisis and inhibits UVB induced skin inflammation and edema. *Topical Delivery of Silymarin Via Skin Route. Nature.com. December 2009

 C Hung

Niacinamide is found in THE QUENCHER and is otherwise known as Vitamin B3,  this multi-tasking ingredient is a skin restoring hero, *Research has shown that Niacinamide can boost the skin’s hydration and prevent TransEpidermal Water Loss to “plump” the skin, taking away the look of fine lines and wrinkles. Niacinamide is also known as an anti-inflammatory which has a calming and soothing effect on the skin. This benefit lessens visible redness and irritation. This vitamin also regulates melanin production which aids with unwanted pigmentation and visibly brightens the skin. 

*Niacinamide: A B Vitamin that Improves Aging Facial Skin.

NCBI. March 2006 D Bissett Ph D

 Panthenol is found in THE QUENCHER and is also known as Vitamin B5, it has many benefits for the skin. It is known for its soothing, hydrating and skin barrier-strengthening benefits. *Research shows that Panthenol can reduce inflammation in the skin caused by a compromised skin barrier by strengthening the skin barrier to lessen environmental damage. **Research also shows that formulas containing Panthenol significantly decreased TransEpidermal Water Loss and can help maintain skin integrity which improves the protective effect of the skin barrier. 

*Alleviating Skin Barrier Disruption.

International Journal of Dermatology.

March 2023. Z Jia

**Skin Moisturizing Effects of Panthenol. 

PubMed. August 2011

F Camargo Jr

Although Punicic acid is not part of our skins natural lipids, this fatty acid has numerous benefits for the skin and why it is found in both "lipid support serums". Omega-5, Punicic acid is found abundantly in Pomegranate Seed Oil, in fact it is named after the pomegranate. *Labratory research shows it has antioxidantt, anti-inflammatory and photo-protective effects. It has been demonstrated that Punicic Acid improves the regeneration of injured skin as it stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and the repair of the dermis. It also decreases the damaging effects of UV radiation, such as unwanted pigmentation and collagen degradation. 

*Cold Pressed Pomegranate Seed Oil Study

MDPI. September 2022. A Zielinska

 These are gentle PLANT-BASED humectanst found in THE QUENCHER. Humectants draw moisture from the atmosphere to the skin and help to bind that moisture to the skin.*Research shows that Propanediol can help prevent TransEpidermal Water Loss and soften and soothe the skin. 

*Effects of Propanediol on Skin Hydration

and Barrier Function. PubMed.

 February 2024. JR Pinto

Raspberry Seed Oil is found in THE FIXER  and is high in Omega-6, Linoleic acid. This fatty acid is the most abundant fatty acid found in the stratum corneum (skin barrier). It also plays a very important role in ceramide production, your skin cannot produce ceramides without it, These 'LOST LIPIDS' are what build and strengthen your skin barrier. *Research has shown a tremendous amount of recovery in skin barrier function using topically applied plant oils high in Linoleic acid. **Research also shows that this oil alleviates direct photo-damage to the skin caused by UVB exposure, and protects the skin against inflammation responses.

*Linus Pauling Institute. July 2012

Giana Angelo Ph D

**Raspberry Seed Oil Protects the Skin from UVB Damage. NCBI.

January 2019 P Wang

 Rice Bran Oil is found in THE PROTECTOR and THE CLEANER, its  claim to fame is a lipophilic substance called GAMMA-ORYZANOL. G-ORYZANOL contains 2 major active molecules, PHYTOSTEROLS and esters of FERULIC ACID. This powerful combination is an antioxidant powerhouse. *Research shows in-vitro and in-vivo that Rice Bran Oil can absorb and neutralize free radicals, improving uneven skin appearance and slows down pre-mature skin aging. 

*Optimization of Rice Bran Oil

Journals.lww.com. April 2024. T Nareswari

Rosemary Oleoresin is a potent antioxidant made from the leaves of the rosemary plant and is used to stop rancidity in other plant oils. In other words it helps to extend the shelf life of ALL the "lipid support serums".

This berry oil is found in both "lipid support serums" and is a strikingly rich source of CAROTENOIDS (14), and CAROTENES (alpha and beta). *Research shows that SEA BUCKTHORN BERRY OIL has multiple antioxidant benefits for the skin that fight free radicals, rebuild cells, delay cell aging, support wound healing, reduce scars and discoloration. Labroatory in-vivo testing shows this oil helps relieve skin conditions such as dermatitis, eczema and acne. It also showed improvement in skin elasticity, structure and hydration.

*Abundance of Active Ingredients in

Sea Buckthorn Berry Oil

NCBI. May 2017. A Zielinska

This ingredient is found IN ALL THE curbAGE products. It is a natural “scent” made by macerating vanilla bean pods in Sunflower Seed Oil. THIS IS NOT AN ESSENTIAL OIL OR AN ABSOLUTE OIL. There are NO allergens to declare. 

 SqualAne, with an A is a vegetable-derived, form of squalEne, with an E. It is found in both "lipid support serums. Its purpose in the “lipid support serums” is to add to the protective aspects of the serums without weighing down your skin. It is a very light emollient. This ingredient does NOT have the antioxidant or anti-inflammatory benefits of squalEne.